The quality control company, the cocoa research institute of ghana, the cocoa marketing company, and. The ghana cocoa board cocobod regulates the cocoa industry in ghana, with a primary mandate of enabling production, processing, and marketing of cocoa as efficiently and effectively as possible ghana cocoa board, 2012. In this regard, enhancement of the soil fertility status of cocoa farms is critical appaih et al. The study on development of improved infrastructure and technology for rice production in africa masterplan study on the oil palm industry in ghana. This paper discusses ghana s cocoa industry from the innovation systems perspective. The icco international cocoa agreement is available to download in acrobat pdf format.
In some countries, companies that purchase cocoa in bulk are, in fact, prohibited from purchasing cocoa directly from farmers. Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. They further stated that of the 14million global estimates of workers engaged in cocoa production. A training manual for field officers world cocoa foundation. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghanas reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its. Smallholders account for more than 90 per cent of cocoa production, with average farm sizes of just two to three hectares. Forecasts for the current cocoa year and more detailed information are available in the quarterly bulletin of cocoa statistics, published by icco. This paper analyzes the determinants of cocoa productivity and profitability by smallholder farmers in ghana to provide insights into challenges for future cocoa farming, which will guide the formulation and prioritization of tailored policies to address them. Oct 12, 2018 discover all statistics and data on cocoa industry now on. Pdf an empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. Combining forces of the cocoa board and the forestry commission.
Approximately fifty countries in the intertropical zone grow cocoa beans, three of which dominate world production. It is poised to maintain ghana premium quality cocoa. Cote divoire x tonnes constituted the country with the largest volume of cocoa production, comprising approx. Its specific objectives were to i increase cocoa production to give an annual output of at least 300,000 tons per year by year 1995. As with other orchard crops, cocoa farming requires time, with cacao trees yield. Likewise, one cannot think of ghana tionwithout thinking of its cocoa. Hand pollination of cocoa trees yielding more returns for farmers in the western region. These problems have made cocoa production less attractive to the youth with the result that the average age of the cocoa farmer is over 50 years. Apr 15, 2017 with worldwide chocolate sales being projected to increase by 6. In contrast, the expansion of cocoa production in ghana is a success story of african. The oldest of the three major production basins see map 1 covers central america and. Cote divoire and ghana are the largest producers, followed by nigeria and cameroon. In 201011, ghana cocoa exports reached a record high of 1,004,000 mt, which is 35.
The determination of producer price in ghanas cocoa sector and the provision of service to cocoa farmers by mr. Ghana s cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. In view of the sustainability of cocoa production in ghana, many activities are enrolled. Post forecasts ghana s cocoa bean production in my 201112 at 1. Cocoa production and related socialeconomic and climate. Insight into the standard of living of ghanaian cocoa. Lastly, one of the most lucrative farming and exporting business that an aspiring can start in ghana is to go into cocoa production or farming. Downloads cocoa market outlook conference september 2016. Pdf this article analyses cocoa production in ghana from 1990 to 2011, using johansen cointegration and ols regression approaches. The cocoa year runs from 1 october to 30 september. The growing population of cocoa farmers also reinvested its profits in expan ding cocoa production in the western end of ghanas forest zone, rapidly shifting the production frontier into ashanti and brong. The revival of cocoa began with the economic recovery program of 1983. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa foreword 5 foreword by dr stephanie barrientos and professor kwadwo asensookyere ghana is renowned for the quality of its cocoa production and the crop plays a major role in the economy in terms of employment, incomes and. A survey was conducted to provide insight into the standard of living of cocoa farmers in ghana.
The cocoa industry in west africa antislavery international. Cacao is a fastgrowing tropical forest plant, capable of being cultivated in association with other trees, and providing additional goods like timber and firewood, fruits, construction materials. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana food and. Agriculture sector policy note transforming agriculture for economic growth, job creation and food security the world bank group agriculture global practice. The study was carried out in ayedire local government area lga of osun state. The typical ghanaian cocoa producer earns his livelihood on a diversified family farm with the revenues from the cocoa enterprise accounting for about 55% of the household. At the beginning of the 20142015 cocoa season, ghana s cocobod projected a target yield of 1million tons. Cocoa is the ultimate small farmer crop, mostly grown on tiny plots of land. Projects on sustainable cocoa production in ghana related to forests. Its importance is not only in the contribution of about 25% annually of the total foreign exchange earnings but. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire employing interview schedule. The sample size in each region was proportional to its cocoa production.
Assessment of incentives for mainstreaming sustainable cocoa production. Advanced value chain collaboration in ghanas cocoa sector. A history of exploitation antislavery international. An empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana. Nov 10, 2017 20171110 ghana s cocoa production is expected to hit two million 2m metric tonnes by 2019, mr joseph boahen aidoo, chief executive officer ceo of cocobod has hinted.
The paper describes the trends in cocoa production and processing and highlights the key characteristics. How to become an icco member international cocoa agreement 2010. Pdf cocoa production has been the backbone of ghanas. The vast majority of cocoa farms are not owned by the companies that make chocolate products or supply cocoa. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world. Returns to public agricultural spending in the cocoa and noncocoa subsectors of ghana abstract using public expenditure and agricultural production data on ghana from 1961 to 2012, this paper assesses the returns to public spending in the agricultural sector, taking into. The programme seeks to significantly reduce carbon emissions resulting from cocoa expansion into forests through the promotion of appropriate climatesmart cocoa production approaches, including. The procedures for becoming a member of the international cocoa organization are provided in articles 52 to 57 of the international cocoa agreement, 2010. Assessment of land tenurerelated constraints to cocoa productivity in ghana 3 1.
Child labour is due to a combination of root causes, including structural poverty, increased cocoa production, and a lack of schools and other infrastructure. The timeline depicts the trend in global cocoa production from 198081 to 201718 and provides a forecast for 201819. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghana s main cash crop. Jun 07, 2015 current seasons production targets of cocoa 20142015.
There appears to be scope to improve the efficiency of the marketing board and service delivery, and. A total of 637 households with 3392 persons were randomly sampled using a multi staged sampling technique from eleven cocoa districts in ghana. Sustainable and futureoriented cocoa producon in ghana. We estimate ghana s cocoa production in 201920 at 855 thousand tonnes, 5 percent above a year earlier, but 6 percent below two years ago. A history of exploitation 2 contents page executive summary 3 1. Cocoa farming an overview international cocoa initiative. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia. Various intervention programs to help farmers improve productivity at the farm level have been used over the past few decades. Aug 09, 2019 in 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 900 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Constraints for future cocoa production in ghana springerlink. Cocoa production in a nutshell make chocolate fair. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 900 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. Cocoa is the most important agricultural export crop for ghana as it delivers 30% of the countrys total export earnings asantepoku and angelucci, 20.
Assessing the resilience of the cocoa value chain in ghana. Importance of cocoa cocoa is a cash crop grown throughout the humid tropics with about 6. Increased producer prices were a central part of the reforms, as well as a number of. Cocoa production occurs in the countrys forested areas. In recent times, matters involving cocoa production have not been so pleasant for industry players both farmers and processors thus adversely affecting fortunes of the oncevibrant and lucrative sector. The study is expected to provide food for thought and input for strategic decisionmaking. The ghana cocoa platform is an initiative aimed at enhancing publicprivate dialogue and joint action planning to support the scale up of sustainable production in the sector.
Moreover, cocoa production in cote divoire exceeded the figures recorded by the secondlargest producer, ghana x tonnes, twofold. Cocobod, ghana cocoa production, processing and marketing. The topics can be used by fieldextension officers in addition to topics on good agricultural practices. The cocoa rehabilitation project crp was the first adbadf financed cocoa project in ghana. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa foreword 5 foreword by dr stephanie barrientos and professor kwadwo asensookyere ghana is renowned for the quality of its cocoa production and the crop plays a major role in the economy in terms of employment, incomes and foreign exchange earnings. Insight into the standard of living of ghanaian cocoa farmers. In 2011, ghanas lightcrop cocoa harvest, which produces smaller beans, more than doubled to 97,965 metric tons in the 12 weeks of the season to sept. Hand pollination of cocoa trees yielding more returns for. Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential. In ghana the cocoa production has steadily risen from 300,000 tons in 1995 to 900,000 tons in 2014. Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. Selected major merger and acquisition deals in the cocoa industry since 2010a. According to asantepoku and angelucci the main factors that have contributed to the increase in ghana s cocoa production are the support measures of the governmentowned cocoa marketing board cocobod.
Cocoa production for that matter has always been a key driver of agricultures contribution to the socioeconomic development of ghana. Cameroons 201920 cocoa crop is projected at 290 thousand tonnes, up 4 percent from the previous year. Economic cacao cultivars are grown for the production of dried beans, which are the source of cocoa liquor, cocoa butter, cocoa cake and cocoa powder. Having recognised this problem, cadbury cocoa partnership, started in 2008 in ghana with the aim of seeing thriving cocoa communities that ensures a sustainable cocoa supply chain. Cocoa is ghana s most important agricultural export crop and provides the third largest.
The growing population of cocoa farmers also reinvested its profits in expan ding cocoa production in the western end of ghana s forest zone, rapidly shifting the production frontier into ashanti and brong. Mondelez international recognizes this evolving production landscape and supports this investigation into measuring the. The period 2000 to 2015 cocoa crop year was used for the study since a major cocoa production boom was observed in ghana between 2000 and 2003. Each of these activities requires certain investments in labour and inputs to produce good yields. This training manual has been developed to raise awareness among cocoa farmers in ghana on the effects of climate change on their cocoa production and to give them tools in the form of recommendations to mitigate these negative effects.
Ghana to hit twomillion metric tonnes of cocoa production by. Let us hope for another such season to compensate for some of the main crops shortfall. The platform will consist of long term facilitated dialogues for stakeholders directly involved with the ghanaian cocoa supply chain. In the beginning of the 21st century the cocoa production. Although cocoa has been cultivated for centuries in central america, it is a relative newcomer to africa, and even more recent in asia. Ghanas cocoa production grew an average of 16% between 200003. Data posted on this web page cover production of cocoa beans by the main producingexporting countries for the last three cocoa years. Based on the study, researchers recommend that the ghana cocoa board cocobod intensifies its efforts in.
Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana. A projection that many analysts described as over ambitious from the onset. Ghana seeks investment from china to improve cocoa production. Being primarily a cash crop, cocoa does not contribute much to the nutritional aspects of food security. Ghana is in a good position to profile itself as world leading in sustainable, high quality cocoa. A total of 85 villages in the four regions were visited and household heads were interviewed. Pdf assessing the challenges facing cocoa production in. It originates from the seeds cocoa beans of the cocoa fruits cocoa pods, which grow on cocoa trees. Guide describing trade and industry practices, as well as regulations applying to cocoa traces customs procedures, systems and techniques used at each stage of the cocoa supply chain. One of such programs is the cocoa abrabopa program. The widespread use of children in cocoa production is controversial, not only for the concerns about child labor and exploitation, but also because, as of 2015, up to 19,000 children working in cote divoire, the worlds biggest producer of cocoa, may have been victims of trafficking or slavery. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa. The production of cocoa begins in the tropical regions around the equator, where the hot and humid climate is well suited for growing cocoa trees. Mar 18, 2017 to address the growing global demand for cocoa, sustainable intensification of its production in west africa is considered crucial.
1583 1086 1055 156 1443 231 682 1195 378 123 885 1605 72 100 920 245 12 1115 1576 652 210 1565 416 784 624 752 1325 1238 1173 1223 953 1087 92 580 649 593 863